Abstract: In this paper, 23 research cases of resource-based cities in China were collected by means of collecting the existing data, 302 research data were extracted to form research database, and unified measurement methods for ecosystem service values of different research areas were established, then using Ecosystem Service Values(ESVs) as well as the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (SHDI) which can reflect the balance of ecosystem distribution to do research on the basis of the database, and finally study on land use optimization under different ecosystem service functions. The results tell us that: ①The SHDI does not determine the ESVs of a region, but the trend of variation of the SHDI is the same as that of the ESVs’; ② We classify the 23 study areas according to the balance of ecosystem distribution and find that only 6 regions in a relatively balanced state while the remaining regions are not so much well; ③The average value of the classified areas shows that the ESVs tend to increase when the ecosystem is more balanced, however, ecosystems with higher ESV will affect this trend; ④ Based on the study of different ecosystem service functions, the optimum proportion of ecological land allocation is obtained, and it is found that with the increase of proportion of non-ecological land in the resource-based cities, the ESVs show a clear downward trend.