Abstract: The importance of steel industry in the national economy is self-evident. Its development is also accompanied by high energy consumption. This paper firstly adopted elastic decoupling model to explore the response relationship between energy consumption and economic growth of steel industry in China during 1995～2014, and then use the Fisher decomposition method to decompose the energy consumption change of steel industry. As the results suggest, the decoupling relationship between industrial economic development and energy consumption shows three stage trend of fluctuation-improvement-sable, the decoupling state between them are mainly weak decoupling. Economic growth has a pulling effect on the energy consumption of steel industry with the cumulative effect of 11.054 3 while energy intensity plays an inhibitory role with the cumulative effect of 0.338 5. To achieve absolute decoupling between industrial economic growth and energy consumption, it’s better to promote technological progress for reducing energy consumption intensity, and to adjust capacity structure for improving the energy efficiency of steel industry.