Abstract: Afghanistan is located at the junction of the Central Asia, South Asia and West Asia.It is an important channel connected to the “One Belt” and “One Road”.So Afghanistan is of great strategic significance to China’s “Belt and Road” construction.The superior metallogenic geological environment has made rich ore resources in Afghanistan.After over 30 years of war, Afghanistan carry out the strategy of national reconstruction.Afghanistan government continuously developed and introduced preferential policies in order to attract overseas mining investment and encourage foreign investment in Afghanistan.The two governments have a good relationship China and Afghanistan.Rich ore resources in Afghanistan are highly complementary with our country.The development of mining cooperation conforms to the strategic needs of both sides.However, there are still serious problems such as uncertain security situation, backward infrastructure, imperfect law system and shortage of technical talent.In the long run, Afghanistan’s mining boom has begun.We should take positive and cautious attitude toward the mining cooperation in Afghanistan.