Abstract: As “Minamata Convention on Mercury” is coming into effect, mercury resources exploitation and utilization will be prohibited and eliminated gradually, and China’s mercury resource management policies are in the face of significant adjustment under new situation. Through the analysis on the status of China’s mercury resources, situation of mercury mine exploitation and utilization and gap analysis on mercury resource management system performance, this article has researched and proposed countermeasures and suggestions on performing the convention: ① to establish a unified mercury resource exploitation and utilization information statistics mechanism; ② to consummate mercury mining right management policies; ③ to establish and perfect mercury exploitation exit mechanism; ④ to guarantee solid convention performance through strict enforcement of laws; ⑤ to encourage the development and utilization of substitute products, and safeguard sound development of correlated industries.