Abstract: In order to clarify resources and environmental effects of the future development of China’s new energy vehicle industry, this paper carries on the statistical analysis about the historical data of China’s automobile production and sales volume, the new energy vehicle production and sales volume.Then we predicts the future trend through trend analysis method, analyses the effect of reducing oil consumption and air pollutant emissions, and discusses the impact of the development of new energy vehicle industry on the supply and demand of Lithium, Cobalt, Nickel, Graphite and Rare Earth resources in China.The results show sales will be 2 million and 8.2 million in 2020 and 2025, respectively.In 2020 and 2025, the holdings will be 6.32 million and 32.62 million, respectively.The development of China’s new energy vehicle industry has little effect on saving oil consumption and reducing air pollutant emissions in the short term (before 2025).The explosive growth of new energy vehicles will have an important impact on the future supply and demand for lithium and cobalt resources in China.It is crucial to strengthen the lithium and cobalt resources exploration and development, and carry out advanced layout around the all industry chain of the global lithium and cobalt resources to support the steady development of new energy automotive industry and protect supply security of China’s lithium and cobalt resources.