Abstract: As a clean energy, natural gas play a key role in optimizing the energy consumption structure.Compared with the developed countries, China energy consumption in the proportion of natural gas is obviously low, further increase the proportion of natural gas has become an important goal of the national energy development, therefore, analyze the factors which influence the consumption of natural gas has important practical significance.This paper through the factor decomposition method is applied to the economic output of industry (industry, transportation, commerce and other industries) and non economic output industry (department of life) the analysis of natural gas consumption factors in decomposition.The research shows that with the increase of natural gas exploitation and consumption in China, the proportion of coal and oil consumption has declined, and the share of natural gas in energy consumption structure has gradually expanded, which has become an important role in the energy consumption structure.The rapid development of economy has promoted the consumption of natural gas, while the energy consumption intensity has decreased year by year, which shows that the energy consumption per unit of GDP produced by the unit is less and less, which will affect the growth of natural gas consumption.The fossil energy substitution effect, energy structure, economic output effect and energy consumption intensity effect and the overall benefit (the total of the four effects) decomposition analysis on economic output industry.Also, the Department of life on the consumption of natural gas can not be ignored, The construction of residential demand for natural gas and natural gas pipeline infrastructure will greatly promote the life sector consumption.This paper analyze from three aspects of residential natural gas consumption demand effect, natural gas pipeline infrastructure construction effect and service effect of natural gas pipeline.