Abstract: At present，under the situation of the reform of public institutions，nearly 60% geological exploration units have been selected as public welfare B class institutions.This paper gives a brief introduction of the current situation of the development of public welfare B class geological exploration units，starting from the six aspects of geological work ability and social service ability，personnel ability，assets and technology equipment ability，management ability，leadership ability，constructs the evaluation index system of the development ability of public welfare B class geological exploration units，using AHP to establish the weight and the order of the indexes of the.The index system reflects the level of the development ability of the public welfare B class geological exploration units in China，and provides the direction for the reform and development of geological prospecting units，and provide reference for the management of geological exploration industry and geological exploration units.