Abstract: The abundant important solid mineral resources in“Belt and Road”, especially the copper, gold, nickel, cobalt, bauxite, iron ore, potash and phosphate rock, have obvious complementarities for China’s mineral resources.These important solid mineral resources mainly concentrated distribution in a few countries:the copper resources mainly distribute in Mongolia, Indonesia, Philippines and Russia; the gold resources mainly distribute in Russia, Indonesia and Uzbekistan; the nickel resources mainly distribute in Russia, Indonesia and Philippines; the bauxite resources mainly distribute in Vietnam, Indonesia, India and Russia; the potash resources mainly distribute in Belarus, Russia, Thailand and Israel.The analysis of the geographical geological distribution characteristics, the degree of geological exploration and development, industrial distribution and the mining investment environment shows that the important solid mineral resources in“Belt and Road” are mainly distributed in Russia, Mongolia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, India, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstanwhere have the low degreeof exploration and development, the low industrialization level and the bad mining investment environment.Potential analysis shows that Russia has the largest potential of solid mineral resources among “Belt and Road” countries, and its potential mineral resources are copper, gold, bauxite, cobalt, nickel, phosphorus, potassium and graphite.Southeastern Asia’s potential mineral resources are copper, gold, bauxite and nickel.central Asia’s potential mineral resources are copper and gold.The solid mineral resources in central and eastern Europeare relatively shortage.