Abstract: Resource security plays an extremely important part in national security, strategic minerals are an important support for the economic and social development of a country, improving the capacity for safe supply of strategic minerals plays a crucial role in continuously promoting the construction of Chinese-style modernization and enhancing national competitiveness. The internal and external environment has undergone profound changes under the new development pattern, global resource reallocation and domestic economic structure transformation have brought new challenges and pressures to the supply security capability of strategic minerals, constructing a strategic minerals supply security guarantee system to address new challenges is of utmost importance. This paper adheres to the goal orientation, takes the strategic minerals supply security guarantee capability as the entry point, briefly summarizes and analyzes the definitions and connotations of strategic minerals at home and abroad, and clarifies the key supporting role of strategic minerals in national economic security and major strategic implementation. At the same time, closely combining with the overall national security outlook layout, adhering to the problem orientation, focusing on the compatibility of the strategic mineral supply guarantee system and the domestic demand system, the competition and resource security supply risks among major countries and multiple parties in the context of a complex global security environment, and the connection between mineral resource utilization and technological research and development, etc., analyzes the problems and challenges faced by strategic minerals supply security guarantee under the new situation. In response to the risks and challenges under the new development pattern, the following strategies and suggestions are proposed: firstly, with a systematic thinking, coordinate the relationship between overall national security and resource security; secondly, grasp the dual circulation of domestic and international economies, establish a resource security chain for continuous strategic minerals supply guarantee; thirdly, optimize policy supply, plan the strategic minerals development strategy comprehensively; fourthly, apply “bottom-line thinking”, strengthen the risk prevention and control of strategic minerals supply security; fifthly, increase investment in technological research and development, promote the comprehensive utilization of strategic minerals.