Abstract: It’s very important for national resource security and economic development to implement national exploration & development planning steadily. In the last five years, there were a lot of results in exploration, mechanism innovation and so on. Meanwhile, there were many problems, such as dual role of the government, disunited personnel right and economic rights, incomplete resources tax system and imperfect eco-compensation system and so on. Those had lots of negative influences for the planning. Fortunately, there were series of mineral resources institutional reform in the last few months. For example, reform of mining rights system and net smelter return royalty, unified registration of natural resources and so on. Because of those, many problems will be solved, and more perfect institutional system will be built. The target of the planning will be come true successfully.