Abstract: In 2018, China’s crude oil production reaches 189 million tons, and its dependence on foreign countries keeps rising, the rate increasing from 49% in 2008 to 70.8% in 2018.In order to ensure national energy security, general secretary Xi Jinping has put forward important instructions on strengthening the exploration and development of oil and gas resources and safeguarding energy security.The exploration and development of oil and gas resources is a gradual process, and the oil and gas fields are mainly found through geophysical and drilling methods.There are five stages in the process, including basin evaluation, zone optimization, target optimization, oil and gas evaluation, and progressive exploration and development.Because it belongs to fluid mineral, oil and gas development has the characteristics of unclear exploration and development boundaries.By analyzing the exploration and development flow of oil and gas resources and sorting out the main administrative examination and approval items, it is found that there are many difficulties in the handling of administrative examination and approval items, which are mainly manifested in five aspects:the land use contradiction, the sea use contradiction, the contradiction between ecological environment protection and oil and gas exploration and development, the poor connection between exploration and production, and the uneven distribution of resources.According to the existing problems, this paper puts forward the measures to optimize the administrative examination and approval by solving the use problems of land and sea for oil and gas exploration and development as a whole, speeding up the process of optimizing the approval of environmental impact assessment, simplifying the process of transferring exploration right to mining right license, selecting pilot provinces and properly adjusting the tax system, and solving the problems of connection between oil and gas exploration and development.Finally it provides favorable supports for speeding up the exploration and development process of oil and gas resources and promoting the intensive and economical utilization of resources.