Accessing the supply risk for manganese resources in China undertwo-dimensional coordinate system

To investgrate the economic importance of manganese resources, reserves/production ratio, foreign dependency, product concentration and import concentration from 2000 to 2015, a two-dimensional coordinate system based on a combined evaluation of economic importance and supply risk was applied in this contribution.With the accelerating pace of trimming excess capacity in the steel, the economic importance and reserves/production ratio of manganese resources gradually decrease whereas foreign dependency and import concentration continue to increase, and thus cause rising supply risk.Critically, we propose a set of strategies that can contribute to minimizing supply risk.These strategies mainly include ensuring adequate resource reserves, imploving effective utilization of low grade manganese ores, expanding import channels in oversea markets, extending the industrial chain and conducting equity merger and acquisition.