Development and efficiency evaluation of resource-based cities under the background of urban shrinkage: a case study of Anshan City

Urban shrinkage is an inevitable phenomenon in a certain stage of urbanization, especially in resource-based cities.With the depletion of resources and the adjustment of industrial structure, urban population and economic level will decrease in a certain period of time.As a typical resource-based industrial city in northeast China, Anshan City has experienced obvious shrinkage in urban development in recent years.The authors take Anshan City as the research area, under the background of urban shrinkage, and construct an evaluation system of urban comprehensive development index from three dimensions of society, economy and space to measure the urban development index from 2009 to 2020.The urban development indexes are analyzed and evaluated by using super-efficiency DEA model.The results show that since 2013, the urban development of Anshan City has entered a state of contraction, which is obvious from 2013 to 2016 and tends to be stable after 2016.In 2013, the economic efficiency of Anshan City begins to decline after reaching the peak, while the resource efficiency and environmental efficiency shows a general trend of fluctuation.Urban development is positively correlated with economic efficiency, but not with resource efficiency and environmental efficiency.It is an inevitable choice for resource-based cities to change from epitaxial development to intensional intensive development.