Security and potential assessment of germanium ore resources in China

Germanium resources are mainly produced in the form of associated products in China. Thanks to huge lead and zinc smelting capacity and the support of coal consumption in China, it has become the largest germanium producer in the world. In 2020, the total global germanium production was 140 tons, of which production was 95 tons in China. In terms of reserves, China remains the second largest country in the world, second only to the United States. As one of the key metals in the semiconductor industry, resource security of germanium has received increasing attention. This paper scientifically evaluates the guarantee level and potential of germanium ore resources in China. Through in-depth investigation and analysis, it masters detailed resource distribution, mining and utilization, mineralization and other information, summarizes the spatial distribution rules of germanium ores, and the abundance of associated germanium in China. Sulfide-containing lead-zinc deposits are mainly distributed in the margins of the Yangtze Massif and Northern Guangdong. Coal-containing germanium deposits are distributed in the Erlian Basin-Hailaer Basin and Sanjiang in Western Yunnan. Taking into account factors such as mineralization geological conditions and future demand forecasts, there are certain concerns in assessing the degree of security of germanium resources in China. It is recommended to strengthen research on the origin and mineralization laws of germanium deposits and promote exploration to increase reserves. It is pointed out that Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Northern Guangdong are rich in germanium, lead and zinc. Prospecting directions such as enrichment areas and germanium-rich coal basins in Western Yunnan should improve the level of comprehensive utilization, enhance China’s say in germanium resources, and improve the protection, utilization and reserve system of germanium resources. The research results of this paper provide an important reference for the management and development of germanium ore resources, and is of great significance for ensuring the supply of national germanium resources and improving resource utilization efficiency.