Analysis of the development characteristics and influencing factors of landslide disasters in Hunan Province based on big data theory

Landslide is the most widespread and most harmful type of geological disaster in Hunan Province, seriously endangering the safety of people’s lives and property and the sustainable development of social economy. Previous studies on its characteristics and influencing factors did not select disaster data information, resulting in inaccurate analysis results. Based on the results of the detailed investigation on geological disasters in Hunan Province at a scale of 1∶50 000 and other related data, a comprehensive analysis of the development characteristics and influencing factors of landslide disasters in Hunan Province is conducted from the aspects of landslide type characteristics, morphological characteristics, disaster characteristics and influencing factors using big data analysis methods such as data collection, preprocessing, mining, and presentation. The study finds that: ①Hunan Province is dominated by small, semi-circular, traction-type soil landslides, with obvious surface features. ②The sliding zone （surface） is mainly distributed at the contact surface between bedrock and overburden, and the shape is mainly arc-shaped; the sliding zone soil is mostly soft plastic-plastic silty clay, clay and gravel-containing clay. ③The characteristics of landslides are obvious, such as group occurrence, hysteresis, staged occurrence, and resurgence. The main hazards of landslides are scouring and squeezing caused by heavy rainfall. ④The disasters and dangers caused by landslides are mainly small. ⑤Various internal and external factors work together to promote the occurrence of landslides. Among them, topography, groundwater, rock and soil type, geological structure, and slope gradient are the main internal factors that control the development of landslides, while external factors such as human engineering activities and rainfall are the main triggering conditions for landslides. The research results are helpful to fully understand the occurrence laws of landslides in Hunan Province, provide a theoretical basis for effectively preventing landslide geological disasters, and provide an important reference for landslide disaster risk management and disaster early warning in Hunan Province.