The karst development characteristics of Jiahe Fifth-stage Basin in Gexiang River Basin, Yunnan

The large area of carbonate rock stratum is exposed in the Jiahe Five-stage Basin of Gexiang River Basin in Yunnan. The main lithology is mainly algal limestone, micritic limestone, bioclast limestone and dolomite, which belongs to strong karst layer group. The karst development is strong in the basin. The surface karst mainly develops karst hillock, depression, trough, gully, karst trough, stone sprout, dry valley, karst canyon, etc. The underground karst mainly develops karst gap, skylight, shaft, dolina, sinkhole, karst cave, underground river, etc. The main controlling factors of karst development are controlled by lithology on the one hand, and by tectonic movement on the other hand.