Discussion on metallogenic model and prospecting direction of gold deposits in the Baimashan Area of central Hunan

The Baimashan Area, located in the middle section of the Xuefeng Arc-shaped Structural Belt, represents one of the most significant gold metallogenic provinces in Hunan Province, characterized by favorable metallogenic conditions and substantial mineral resource potential. Gold deposits are widely distributed around Baimashan granitic complex, predominantly occurring as endogenous hydrothermal deposits. The Chanzigping gold deposit, Xingfengshan gold deposit, and the Gutaishan gold deposit are representative examples in this area. However, over-exploitation has led to a gradual depletion of available resources. Based on the analysis of the regional geological background, this study focuses on the geological characteristics of the deposit, systematically summarizes the trinity of mineralization model of “stratigraphy-structure-magmatic rock” in the Baimashan Area. The direction of the subsequent exploration work is clearly indicated by this study. In future mineral exploration and mining work, priority should be given to the following two aspects. Firstly, the fracture-altered-rock-type gold deposits located within the fracture zone of the Changan Formation strata surrounding the Baimashan rock mass are controlled by NW-trending compression-torsion faults. These deposits are characterized by large-scale occurrence and continuous mineralization, suggesting great potential for large-scale exploitation. Secondly, the quartz vein-type gold deposits, controlled by the near SN-trending tension and tension-torsion fault along the Gutaishan-Baizhuping gold deposits line, are characterized by high grades and the predominance of visible gold, causing them to be better suited for small-scale mining operations.