Surface ecological restoration system and practice for coal mining in ecologically fragile regions

The Jurassic coalfield in northern Shaanxi, due to its thick coal seams and excellent coal quality, has become a significant coal production base globally. However, excessive mining has led to ground subsidence, water resource depletion, and ecological degradation, severely impacting the local environment. To address these issues, this paper proposes a comprehensive management plan based on a “space-earth” three-dimensional dynamic monitoring network and establishes a systematic ecological restoration technology system. By utilizing satellite monitoring and Internet of Things （IoT） technologies, the geological environment of the mining area is monitored in real-time. This is combined with techniques such as crack filling, farmland reclamation, and road restoration for ecological recovery. Furthermore, an ecological restoration demonstration park is designed to promote biodiversity protection and sustainable development. The proposed technology system provides scientific evidence and practical guidance for ecological restoration and sustainable development in Northern Shaanxi and other mining areas.