Study on full-cycle collaborative governance technical system with dual goals of ecology and safety in mining subsidence areas of the middle Yellow River Basin

Traditional mining subsidence treatment in the middle Yellow River Basin is restricted by disjointed safety and ecological objectives and insufficient geological adaptability, resulting in poor governance effectiveness under the conditions of highly heterogeneous subsidence deformation, fragile ecological environment and densely distributed linear infrastructures. Combining theoretical analysis, analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and engineering verification, this paper systematically investigates the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of mining subsidence and develops an adaptive collaborative governance technical system. The results indicate that more than subsidence disasters in the study area are concentrated in the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia border area and Weibei Mining Area, and surface deformation sequentially experiences severe deformation, slow adjustment and long-term stability stages. A dual-goal collaborative governance framework integrating ecological protection and infrastructure safety is proposed, and a full-cycle governance system covering pre-mining prevention, in-mining dynamic control, post-mining treatment and long-term monitoring is established. An adaptability evaluation model with five dimensions and eighteen indicators is constructed, and the basin-scale governance principle of prioritizing geological adaptation and engineering safety is clarified. Engineering verification shows that the exploitation of the No.5 coal seam can cause a maximum pipeline subsidence of 3200 mm, and extreme working conditions will exceed the allowable pipeline stress, posing a high risk of oil and gas leakage. The proposed integrated technology reduces the residual pipeline subsidence to 82 mm, which is well below the safety threshold of 100 mm, achieving a subsidence control rate of 97.7%. The vegetation coverage of the treated area increases from 18% to 56%. The findings can provide technical references for full-cycle, multi-objective and adaptive comprehensive management of subsidence in loess-covered coal mining areas of the middle Yellow River Basin.