Assessment of the vegetation restoration of the key mining areas around Beijing

Beijing is rich in diverse mineral resources.Frequent mining activities have seriously damaged the ecological balance around the mine.In recent years，thanks to the efforts of land and resources departments，management and protection efforts on mine environment are increasing.Understanding the vegetation restoration and degradation for the key mine areas of Beijing is significant for formulating the environmental protection policies and balancing resources mining and environmental sustainability.In this study，Landsat TM/OLI images of the year 2000，2005，2010，and 2015 were used to estimate the fractional vegetation coverage in the key mining areas of Beijing using dimidiate pixel model.The temporal and spatial characteristics of vegetation coverage change during 2000～2005，2005～2010，and 2010～2015 were demonstrated.The ecological environment changes in the mining areas were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed and assessed.Our results showed that the restoration and degradation of vegetation in Mentougou and Miyun were relatively insignificant in the three periods.The local government has paid great attention to the protection of the ecological environment when the mineral resources have been exploited.From 2000 to 2005，as the development of the mining，the vegetation degraded，but in the last two five-year periods，the government strengthened the ecological and environmental protection while resources mining.It is indicated that the environmental restoration and management work of mine is effective，making a good foundation for the city to build green mine.